In the bot builder, a variable is a container for data related to a conversation, such as a customer's name or a store order ID. During a conversation, a messaging bot can utilize variables in many ways, including:
- Inserted into bot messages to personalize text responses, display dynamic information and images, or branch the conversation.
- To set a value for a variable based on an end user's input.
- In tags that are added to tickets during the Transfer to agent step.
A bot can include up to 46 unique variables across all answers. Each unique variable can be used in an answer as many times as needed.
About variable names and values
In the bot builder, each variable has a name and value. When configuring a step in an answer, the name acts as a placeholder for the value. When the bot runs the answer, it replaces the variable's name with the variable's value. For example, you can use a variable named Email as a placeholder for the customer's email address.
Variables are global within a conversation bot. After they're created, variables are available in all subsequent answers in the end user's conversation via free text or the Link to another answer step.
Handling empty variables
A variable is empty if it has no value. Messaging bots skip empty variables during a conversation.
For example, a Send message step include a bot message of "Your package's shipping status is shipping_status." If the shipping_status variable is empty during a conversation, the bot sends "Your package's shipping status is ."
| Bot message | Customer view |
|---|---|
|
|
Handling missing variables
In the Make API call step, if one of the saved variables is missing from the response, the step's Fail branch is triggered. See Using the Make API call step in bot builder.
About variable types
Customer variables
Customer variables store information provided by a customer during an Ask for details step. For example, the step may ask a customer to provide their name and email address.
When inserting a variable in a step using the Add a variable icon (
) , customer variables appear
under Responses from customer.
External service variables
External service variables store data received from an external system during a Make API call step. For example, the step can make a REST API request to a shipping provider to fetch the current status of a package.
Admins create external service variables when configuring the Make API call step. As part of the configuration, the admin can set a custom name for each variable.
When inserting a variable in a step using the
Add a variable
icon (
), external service
variables appear under
Responses from external service.
Messaging metadata variables
Messaging metadata variables contain information about a customer's identity and authentication status. Messaging metadata variables get their values from the signed JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) used for messaging authentication.
Messaging metadata variables aren't enabled by default and are only available for the Web Widget and mobile SDK channels. For more information about enabling and using messaging metadata variables, see Using authentication metadata in a bot answer.
If enabled, messaging metadata variables appear under Messaging metadata when
inserting a variable in a step using the Add a variable icon () ,
Sunshine conversations variables
Sunshine conversations variables can be used to connect to your Sunshine Conversations integrations.
Available variables include:
Using variables in an answer
Customizing bot messages
Sending data to external systems
When making a REST API call to an external system using the Make API call step, admins can add insert variables into the path and query string of the step's Endpoint URL field. For more information, see Using the Make API call step in the bot builder.
Branching an answer's flow
Setting variable values
Admins can use the Set variable step to create a new variable and assign a value or to select an existing variable and overwrite its value based on an end user's actions in a conversation. Variables can be referenced across all answers in the bot.
See Understanding answer step types: Set variable for usage details.
Using variables in tags
Admins can use variables in the tags that are added to a ticket created as part of the Transfer to agent step. These tags can be used by agents to view, organize, and track tickets, and in automated actions such as ticket routing and other business rules.
Although they are technically part of an answer, variables in tags are subject to some rules and restrictions that other variables aren’t.
You can use variables generated from API calls and system variables. Available variables appear in the selection drop-down:
However, variables containing input from end users can’t be used in tags. They will appear in the drop-down list but will be disabled. For example, you can’t refer to a variable using information collected in an Ask for details step earlier in the conversation.
The following rules and recommendations apply to using variables in tags:
Character limit
- Hard-coded tags are limited to 80 characters each.
Special characters
- Variables containing the following special characters can't be used and won't appear as available variables: £, `, ´, \, [, ], {, }, (, ), <, >, %, &, ?, +, @, !, *, $, #, =, and "
- Space or commas used in variables appear as underscores in tags.
Additionally, we recommend the following best practices when using variables as tags:
- Tags are typically used for routing conversations or in trigger conditions. If you want to add information to tickets for agent context, we recommend using custom fields.
- Limit the number of possible values for a variable. Too many values can cause unexpected behaviors.
- Keep value options short to avoid having them truncated as tags.
- Avoid having special characters in the values.